What does the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) measure in communications?

The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is an important metric in communications as it quantifies the level of desired signal strength in relation to the level of background noise that is present in the system. A higher SNR indicates that the signal is much stronger than the noise, which typically translates to clearer and more reliable communication. This measurement is fundamental because it affects the quality and integrity of the transmitted information; when the signal is significantly stronger than the noise, it becomes easier for receivers to decode the message accurately.

By comparing the desired signal to the background noise, the SNR helps engineers and technicians assess the performance of communication systems, optimize them for better reception, and troubleshoot issues related to signal degradation. This understanding of the balance between signal and noise contributes to designing effective communication equipment and protocols.